New England Antiquities Research Association

 

Human Lymphocyte Antigens: Apparent Afro-Asiatic, Southern Asian, & European HLAs in Indigenous American Populations
by James L. Guthrie

 

 


 

Section III

 

References Cited

 

NOTE:  This paper focuses on genetics and related matters.  I have studied only a quarter of the references cited below in their complete forms.  For the very extensive supporting material on cultural commonalties, discussed in the appendix, I have relied largely on the Sorenson and Raish annotated bibliography (and its continuation in Pre-Columbiana) rather than having examined the original works; below, I have marked with an asterisk each item so consulted.  Although naturally one cannot fully evaluate works solely by reading abstracts of them, the utility of the vast resources of the aforementioned two-volume bibliography cannot be over-emphasized, and I highly recommended it to anyone investigating these kinds of questions.

 

Ackerman, Robert E.

1982 The Neolithic-Bronze Age Cultures of Asia and the Norton Phase of Alaskan Culture.  Arctic Anthropology 19(2):11-38.*

 

Alcina Franch, José

1953  Diffusion of Pottery Stamps [abstract].  International Congress of Americanists 30:248.*

1958  Las “pintaderas” mejicanas y sus relaciones.  Madrid:  Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto “Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo.”*

1969  Origen transatlántico de la cultura indígena de América.  Revista Española de

1979  Nuevas aportaciones al estudio de las relaciones de  Canarias y América en la prehistoria.  In Coloquio de história canario-americana 2, pp. 411-41.  Las Palmas.*

 

Ali, Abdul

1980  The Arabs as Seafarers.  Islamic Culture 54(4):211-22.*

 

Allison, Marvin J., Ali A. Hossaini, Nora Castro, Juan Munizaga, and Alejandro Pezzia

1976  ABO Blood Groups in Peruvian Mummies. 1. An Evaluation of Techniques.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology 44(1):55-61.*

               

Allison, Marvin J., Ali Hossaini, Juan Munizaga, and Rosa Fung

1978  ABO Blood Groups in Chilean and Peruvian mummies, II. Results of Agglutination-inhibition Technique.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology  49(1):139-42.*

               

Anawalt, Patricia Reiff

1992  Ancient Cultural Contacts between Ecuador, West Mexico, and the American Southwest: Clothing Similarities.  Latin American Antiquity 3(2):114-29.*

               

Anonymous

1997  India Looks Farther East for Its Ancestors.  New Scientist 153(2072):9.

 

Araújo, Adauto José Gonçalves de

1980  Contribuição ao estudo de helmintos encontrados em material arqueológico do Brasil.  Rio de Janiero:  n.p.*

       

Balser, Carlos

1968  Metal and Jade in Lower Central America.  International Congress of Americanists 37(4):57-63.*

 

Bandi, Hans-George

1974  Chinesische Einflüsse auf prähistorische Eskimo-Kulturen.  Bulletin de la Société Suisse des Américanistes 38:17-20.*

 

Barbeau, Charles Marius

1958  Migrations sibériennes en Amérique.  In Miscellanea Paul Rivet, octogenario dicata. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Publicaciones del Instituto de Historia 1(50).  International Congress of Americanists 31(1):17-48.*

 

Bárcena, J. Roberto

1975  Sobre el poblamiento prehistórico americano.  Anales de Arqueología y Etnología 27-28:167-90.*

               

Barthel, Thomas S.

1974  Zur Frage der “Señores de la Noche,” eine indische Planetenserie in Alt-Mexico.  Indiana 2:47-67.*

1981  Planetary Series in Ancient India and Prehispanic Mexico: An Analysis of Their Relations with Each Other.  Tribus 30:203-30.*

1982  Hindu-Maya Syncretism: The Palenque Focus.  Ibero-Amerikanisches Archiv Ser. 2, 11:51-63.*

               

Beirne, Daniel Randall

1971  Cultural Patterning as Revealed by a Study of Pre-Columbian Ax and Adz Hafting in the Old and New Worlds.  In Man Across the Sea: Problems of Pre-Columbian Contacts, ed. Carroll L. Riley, J. Charles Kelly, Campbell W. Pennington, and Robert L. Rands , pp. 139-77.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.

 

Belich, Mônica P., J. Alejandro Madrigal, William H. Hildebrand,  Jacqueline Zemmour, Robert C. Williams, Roberto Luz, Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler, and Peter Parham

1992  Unusual HLA-B Alleles in Two Tribes of Brazilian Indians.  Nature 357(6376):326-29.

 

Bennett, Ross S., ed.

1982  Lost Empires, Living Tribes.  Washington:  The National Geographic Society.

 

Bingham, Hiram

1915  Types of Machu Picchu Pottery.  American Anthropologist 17(2):257-71.*

        1915       

Birdsell, Joseph B.

1951  The Problem of the Early Peopling of the Americas as Viewed from Asia.  In Papers on the Physical Anthropology of the American Indian, ed. William S. Laughlin, pp. 1-68a.  New York:  The Viking Fund.*

 

Birrell, Verla

1970  New and Old World Contacts.  In Abstracts from the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology 8.  Mexico City:  Museo Nacional de Antropología.*

 

Bonatto, Sandro L., and Francisco M. Salzano

1997  Diversity and Age of the Four Major mtDNA Haplogroups, and Their Implications for the Peopling of the New World.  American Journal of Human Genetics 61(6):1413-23.

 

Bonnichsen, Robson, and Alan L. Schneider

2000 Battle of the Bones.  The Sciences 40(4):40-46.

 

Boos, Frank H.

1969  Ceremonial Paw Vase in Greece and Oaxaca.  International Congress of Americanists 38(1):133-38.*

               

Bosch-Gimpera, Pedro

1970  Paralelos transpacificos de las altas culturas americanas ys su cronología.  Anales de Antropología 7:43-89.  

                 

Bray, Warwick

1972  Ancient Metal-smiths (The Curl Lecture 1971).  Royal Anthropological Institute, Proceedings 1971:25-42.*

1978  Gold-working in Ancient America.  Gold Bulletin 11:136-43. 

1992  Under the Skin of Nazca.  Nature 358(6381):319.

 

Brown, Michael D, Seyed H. Hosseini, Antonio Torroni, Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, Jon C. Allen, Theodore G. Schurr, Rosaria Scozzari, Fulvio Cruciani, and Douglas C. Wallace

1998  mtDNA Haplogroup X: An Ancient Link between Europe/Western Asia and North America?  American Journal of Human Genetics 63(6):1852-61.

 

Bruhns, Karen O.

1994  Ancient South America.  Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press.

 

Bruman, Henry J.

1944  The Asiatic Origin of the Huichol Still.  Geographical Review 34(3):418-27.*

1945  Early Coconut Culture in Western Mexico.  Hispanic American Historical Review 25(2):212-23.*

 

Buhler, Kristin

1948  Basic Textile Techniques.  Ciba Review 63:2312.*

 

Bühler, Alfred

1946  Die Reservemusterungen. Versuch einer zusammenfassenden Betrachtung ihrer Technik, Entstehung und Herkunft.  Acta Tropica 3:242-71, 322-66.*

 

Campbell, Joseph

•1983-9  Historical Atlas of World Mythology, 3 vols.  New York:  Harper & Row.

 

Canals Frau, Salvador

•1950  Prehistoria de América.  Buenos Aires:  Editorial Sudamericana.*

               

Carter, George F.

•1971  Pre-Columbian Chickens in America.  In Man Across the Sea: Problems of Pre-Columbian Contacts, ed. Carroll L. Riley, J. Charles Kelly, Campbell W. Pennington, and Robert L. Rands , pp. 7-22.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.

 

Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca, Paolo Menozzi, and Alberto Piazza

1994  History and Geography of Human Genes.  Princeton:  Princeton University Press.

 

       

Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca, Alberto Piazza, Paolo Menozzi, and Joanna Mountain

•1988  Reconstruction of Human Evolution: Bringing together Genetic, Archaeological, and Linguistic Data.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 85:6002-06.

•1989  Genetic and Linguistic Evolution.  Science 244(4909):1128-29.

 

Chadwick, Robert E. Lee, Jr.

1971  Archaeological Synthesis of Michoacan and Adjacent Regions.  In Handbook of Middle American Indians 11, Archaeology of Northern Mesoamerica 2, ed. Gordon F. Ekholm and Ignacio Bernal, pp. 657-93.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.*

 

Christian, Frederick William

1923   Words and Races: Story of the Kumara.  New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology 6:153.*

 

Coe, Michael, Dean Snow, and Elizabeth Benson

•1986  Atlas of Ancient America.  New York:  Facts on File Publications.

 

Comas, Juan

1956  Y'eut-il des nègres en Amérique avant Colomb?  Bulletin de la Société Suisse d'Americanistes 7(11):10-12.*

1973  Transatlantic Hypothesis on the Peopling of America: Caucasoids and Negroids.  Journal of Human Evolution 2(2):75-92.

 

Count, Earl W.

1939  Primitive Amerinds and the Australo-Melanesians.  Revista del Instituto de Antropología de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán 1:91-159.*

 

Covarrubias, Miguel

1957  Indian Art of Mexico and Central America.  New York:  Alfred A. Knopf.*

 

Crane, Eva

1983  The Archaeology of Beekeeping.  Ithaca:  Cornell University Press.*

 

Crawford, Morris DeCamp

1924  The Heritage of Cotton, the Fibre of Two Worlds and Many Ages.  New York:  G.P. Fairchild.*

 

Dailey, Beth Doris

1972  “A Consideration of Amphi-Atlantic Contacts in Late Glacial-Early Recent.”  Unpublished M.A.  thesis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.*

 

Davis, Nancy Yaw

2000  The Zuni Enigma.  New York:  W. W. Norton & Company.

 

de Borhegyi, Stephan F.

1950  Notas sobre sellos de barro existentes en el Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología de Guatemala.  Antropología e Historia de Guatemala 2:16-26.*

1951  A Study of Three-Pronged Incense Burners from Guatemala and Adjacent Areas. Notes on Middle American Archaeology and Ethnology 101.  Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington.*

1954  Jointed Figurines in Mesoamerica and Their Cultural Implications.  Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10(3):268-77.*

1967  Piedras semiesféricas con asas para el juego de pelota y “manoplas” en Mesoamerica: una posible alternativa para su función.  Estudios de Cultura Maya 6:215-19.*

               

de la Jara, Victoria      

1973a  La découverte de l'écriture péruvienne.  Archeologia 62:9-15.*

1973b  Le déchiffrement de l'écriture inca.  Archeologia 62:16-25.*

 

Dickinson, William R., Yoshihiko Sinoto, Richard Shutler, Jr., Mary Elizabeth Shutler, José Garanger, and Thomas M. Teska

1999  Japanese Jomon Sherds in Artifact Collections from Mele Plain on Efate in Vanuatu.  Oceania 34(1):15-24.*

 

Diego Cuscoy, Luís

1968  Los Guanches: Vida y cultura del primitivo habitantes de Tenerife.  Santa Cruz de Tenerife.  Museo Arqueológico de Tenerife.*

 

Dixon, E. James

1993  Quest for the Origins of the First Americans.  Albuquerque:   University of New Mexico Press.

               

Dixon, Roland B.

1933  Contacts with America across the Southern Pacific.  In The American Aborigines: Their Origin and Antiquity, ed. Diamond Jenness, pp. 313-53.  Toronto:  University of Toronto Press.*

       

Dumézil, Georges

1955  Remarques complémentaires sur les six premiers noms de nombres du turc et du quechua.  Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris 44:17-37.*

 

DuPouy, W.

1957  Die Nilotenstellung bei venezuelanischen Indianern.  Zeitschrift für Ethnologie  82:191-201.*

 

Ferrario, Benigno

1933  La investigación y el parentesco extra-continental de la lengua “qhexwa.”  Revista de la Sociedad “Amigos  de la Arqueología” 7:89-120.*

               

Ferreira, Fernando Luiz, Adauto J. G. de Araújo, and Ulisses Eugénio Confalonieri

1983  Os parasitos do homem antigo.  Ciéncia Hoje 1(3):63-67.

1988  Paleoparasitologia no Brasil.  Rio de Janiero:  Programa de Educação Pública,Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública.*

                 

Fewkes, Vladimir J.

1937  Aboriginal Potsherds from Red River, Manitoba.  American Antiquity 3(2):143-55.*

               

Fiennes, Richard, and Alice Fiennes

1968  The Natural History of Dogs.  London:  Weidenfeld and Nicholson.*

 

Fitzhugh, William W.

1975  A Comparative Approach to Northern Maritime Adaptations.  In Prehistoric Maritime Adaptations of the Circumpolar Zone, ed. William W. Fitzhugh, pp. 339-86.  The Hague:  Mouton.*

               

Fladmark, K. R.

1979  Routes: Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America.  American Antiquity 44(1):55-69.*

1983  Times and Places: Environmental Correlates of Mid-to-Late Wisconsin Human Population Expansion in North America.  In Early Man in the New World, ed. Richard Shutler, pp. 13-41.  Beverly Hills:  Sage Publications.*

1986  Getting One's Berings.  Natural History 95(11):8-19.*

 

Fonseca, Olympio da

1970  Parasitismo e migrações humanas pré-históricas. contribuições da parasitologia para o conhecimento das origens do homem americano Estudos de Pré-história Geral e Brasileira.  São Paulo:  Instituto de Pré-história de Universidade de São Paulo.*

               

Forbes, Jack D.

1988  Black Africans and Native Americans: Color, Race, and Caste in the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples.  Oxford:  Basil Blackwell.*  [2nd ed. 1993, University of Illinois Press, Urbana]

               

Foster, Mary LeCron

1999  The Transoceanic Trail: The Proto-Pelagian Language Phylum.  Pre-Columbiana 1 (1&2):88-113.

               

Fraser, Douglas

1966  Heraldic Woman: A Study in Diffusion.  In The Many Faces of Primitive Art: A Critical Anthology, ed. Douglas Fraser, pp. 36-39.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ:  Prentice-Hall.*

               

Friederici, Georg

1915  Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trutzwaffen der Indionesier, Südseevölker und Indianer.  Baessler-Archiv 7:37-42.*

               

Gallez, Paul

1979  L'Amérique du Sud sur une carte arabe du IX siècle.  Sudhoffs Archiv 64(4):338-55.*

 

Gartelmann, Karl Dieter

1986  Digging Up Prehistory: The Archaeology of Ecuador.  Quito:  Ediciones Libri Mundi.*

               

Geyer, Gerhard

1970  Ähnliche Erscheinungsformen mittelamerikanischer und altorientalischer Kulturen.  Mitteilung der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 100:377-79.*

               

Gibbon, William B.

1972  Asiatic Parallels in North American Star Lore: Milky Way, Pleiades, Orion.  Journal of American Folklore 85(337):236-47.*

               

Gibbons, Ann

1997  Ideas on Human Origins Evolve at Anthropology Gathering.  Science 276(5312):535-36.

               

Giesing, Kornelia B.

1984  Rudra-Siva und Tezcatlipoca: Ein Beitrag zur Indo-Mexikanistik.  Tubingen:  Verlag Science und Fiction.*

               

Gjessing, Gutorm

1944  Circumpolar Stone Age.  Acta Arctica 2.  Copenhagen:  Ejnar Munksgaard.*

1953  The Circumpolar Stone Age.  Antiquity 27(107):131-36.*

 

Glob, P. V.; Joan Bullman, tr.

1969  The Mound People: Danish Bronze-Age Man Preserved.  Ithaca.  Cornell University Press.

               

Gordon, Cyrus Herzl

1991  New Directions in the Study of Ancient Middle Eastern Cultures.  Bulletin of the Middle Eastern Cultural Center in Japan 5:53-65.*

               

Graebner, Fritz

1909  Die melanesische Bogenkultur und ihre Verwandten.  Anthropos 4:726-80, 998-1032.*

               

Granberry, Julian

1991  Amazonian Origins and Affiliations of the Timuca Language.  In Language and Change in South American Indian Languages, ed. Mary Ritchie Key, pp. 195-242. Philadelphia:  University of Pennsylvania Press.*

               

Greenberg, Joseph H.

1987  Language in the Americas.  Stanford, CA:  Stanford University Press.

1995  Genes, Languages, and Other Things [Review of Cavalli-Sforza, Menozzi, and Piazza 1994].  The Review of Archaeology 16(2):24-28.

               

Greenman, Emerson F., and commentators

1963  The Upper Paleolithic and the New World.  Current Anthropology 4(1):4-91.

 

Grieder, Terence

1982  Origins of Pre-Columbian Art.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.*

 

Gruhn, Ruth      

1988  Linguistic Evidence in Support of the Coastal Route of Earliest Entry into the New World.  Man 23(1):77-100.*

 

Guidon, Niéde

1992  As ocupações pré-historicas do Brasil (exceptuando a Amazonia).  In Historia dos indios no Brasil, pp. 37-52.  São Paulo:  Companhia das Letras/Secretaría Municipal de Cultura/ FAPESP.*

                 

Gupta, D., and H. K. Jain

1973  Genetic Differentiation of Two Himalayan Varieties of Maize.  Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 33(3):401-15.*

             

Hammer, M. F., A. B. Spurdle, T. Karafet, M. R. Bonner, E. T. Wood, A. Novelletto, P. Malaspina, R. J. Mitchell, S. Horai, T. Jenkins, and S. L. Zegura

1997  The Geographic Distribution of Human Y Chromosome Variation.  Genetics 145(3):787-805.

               

Hatt, Gudmund

1916  Mocassins and Their Relation to Arctic Footwear.  Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 3[3]:149-250.  Lancaster, PA.*

               

Heine-Geldern, Robert

1956  The Origin of Ancient Civilizations and Toynbee's Theories.  Diogenes 13:81-99.*

1957  Un nouveau parallèle entre l’Amérique du Sud précolumbienne et l’ancienne Asie Sudoriental.  In Miscellania Paul Rivet, octogenario dicata, International Congress of Americanists 31(2):219-26.

1964  Traces of Indian and Southeast Asiatic Hindu-Buddhist Influences in Mesoamerica.  International Congress of Americanists 35(1):47-54.*

1972  American Metallurgy and the Old World.  In Early Chinese Art and its Possible Influence in the Pacific Basin, ed. Noel Barnard, pp. 787-822.  New York:  Intercultural Arts Press. *

               

Heine-Geldern, Robert, and Gordon F. Ekholm

1951  Significant Parallels in the Symbolic Arts of Southern Asia and Middle America.  In The Civilizations of Ancient America, ed. Sol Tax.  International Congress of Americanists 29:299-309.  Chicago:  University of Chicago Press.

 

Heizer, Robert F.

1941  “Aboriginal Whaling in the Old and New Worlds.”  Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.*

               

Heras, Henry

1953  Studies in Proto-Indo-Mediterranean Culture, 1.  Bombay:  Indian Historical Research Institute.*

               

Hewitt, E. L.

1894  The Ruling Races of Pre-historic Times in India, Southwestern Asia and Southern Europe.  Westminster:  A. Constable.*

               

Heyden, Doris

1981  Caves, Gods, and Myths: World-view and Planning in Teotihuacan.  In Mesoamerican Sites and World-Views, ed. Elizabeth P. Benson, pp. 1-35.  Washington:  Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, Trustees for Harvard University.*

       

Heyerdahl, Thor

1953  American Indians in the Pacific: The Theory behind the Kon-Tiki Expedition. London:  George Allen and Unwin.*

 

Hoeppli, Reinhard

1969  Parasitic Diseases in Africa and the Western Hemisphere: Early Documentation and Transmission by the Slave Trade.  Acta Tropica, Supplementum 10.  Basel:  Verlag für Recht und Gesellschaft.*

               

Holdaway, R. N.

1996  Arrival of Rats in New Zealand.  Nature 384(6606):225-26.

 

Holmes, William H.

1912  Bearing of Archaeological Evidence on the Place of Origin and on the Question of the Unity or Plurality of the American Race.  American Anthropologist 14(1):30-36.*

               

Hoopes, J. W.

1994  Ford Revisited: A Critical Review of the Chronology and Relationships of the Earliest Ceramic Complexes in the New World, 6000-1500 B.C.  Journal of World Prehistory 8(1):1-49.*

               

Horan, James D.

1982  The McKenney Hall Portrait Gallery of American Indians.  New York:  Bramhall House.*

               

Howard, Alan

1967  Polynesian Origins and Migrations: A Review of Two Centuries of Speculation and Theory.  In Polynesian Culture History: Essays Presented in Honor of Kenneth P. Emory, ed. Genevieve Highland, Roland W. Force, Alan Howard, Marion Kelly, and Yoshihiko H. Sinoto, pp. 45-100.  Special Publication 56.  Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum.*

               

Howells, William White

1940  Origins of the American Indian Race Types: An Analysis of the Basic Factors Underlying the Racial Affiliations of the American Indians.  In The Maya and Their Neighbors, ed. Clarence L. Hay et al., pp. 3-9.  New York:  Appleton-Century.*

               

Hrdlicka, Ales   

1935  Pueblos, with Comparative Data on the Bulk of the Tribes of the Southwest and 460.*

               

Hultkrantz, Åke

1981  North American Indian Religions in a Circumpolar Perspective.  In North American Indian Studies: European Contributions, ed. Pieter Hovens, pp. 11-28.  Göttingen: Indian Studies: European Contributions, ed. Pieter Hovens, pp. 11-28.  Göttingen: Edition Herodot.*

               

Huscher, Harold

1974  Pre-Columbian Trans-Atlantic Contacts Recorded in Material Culture Vocabularies.  International Congress of Americanists 40(2):25-30.*

 

Hutton, John H.

1946  West Africa and Indonesia: A Problem in Distribution.  Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 76:5-12.*

               

Ibarra Grasso, Dick Edgar

1954  Grupos y cronología de las influencias surasiáticas y oceánicas en la América indígena.  Acta  Asiática 1(2):13-35.*

1961  Hachas planas con agujeros posteriores de tipo oceánio, en la Bolivia prehispánica. Journal of Austronesian Studies  2(2):45-49.*

1967  Introducción a la americanista, crítica, y teoría.  Cochabamba:  Editorial Universitaria, Universidad Mayor de San Simón.*

1969  La imitación de objetos metálicos en otros materiales por pueblos precolombinos que no trabajaban los metales.  International Congress of Americanists 38:79-84.*

1982  América en la prehistoria mundial: Difusión greco-fenicia.  Buenos Aires: Tipográfica Editoria Argentina.*

               

Imbelloni, José   

1928a  Einige konkrete Beweise für die ausser-kontinentalen Beziehungen der Indianer Amerikas.  Mitteilungen der Antropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 58:301-31.*

1928b  L'idioma kichua nel sistema linguistico dell'Oceano Pacifico.  International Congress of Americanists 22(2):495-509.*

 

Jackson, J. Wilfred

1916  Aztec Moon-Cult and its Relation to the Chank Cult of India.  Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 40(5).*

               

Jairazbhoy, R. A.

1974  Ancient Egyptians and Chinese in America.  London:  Prior.

 

Jeffreys, M. D. W.

1971  Pre-Columbian Maize in Asia.  In Man across the Sea: Problems of Pre-Columbian Contacts, ed. Carroll L. Riley, J. Charles Kelly, Campbell W. Pennington, and Robert L. Rands, pp. 376-400.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.

               

Jett, Stephen C.

1968  Malaysia and Tropical America: Some Racial, Cultural, and Ethnobotanical Comparisons.  International Congress of Americanists 37(4):133-77.*

1970  The Development and Distribution of the Blowgun.  Annals of the Association of American Geographers 60(4):662-88.

1971  Diffusion versus Independent Development: The Bases of Controversy.  In Man across the Sea: Problems of Pre-Columbian Contacts, ed. Carroll L. Riley, J. Charles Kelly, Campbell W. Pennington, and Robert L. Rands, pp. 5-53.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.

1978  Pre-Columbian Transoceanic Contacts.  In Ancient Native Americans, ed. Jesse D. Jennings, pp. 593-650.  San Francisco:  W. H. Freeman.

1991  Further Information on the Geography of the Blowgun and Its Implications for Early Transoceanic Contacts.  Annals of the Association of American Geographers 81(1):89-102.*

1992a  Hypotheses of Mediterranean/Southwest [Asian] Influences on New World 26(3,4):82-85.

1992b  Asian Contacts with the Americas in Pre-Columbian Times: The Principal Proposals.  NEARA [New England Antiquities Research Association] Journal 26(3,4):62-68.

1993  Dyestuffs and Possible Early Contacts between Southwestern Asia and Nuclear America. NEARA [New England Antiquities Research Association] Journal 28(1,2):31-38.

1999a  Resist-Dyeing: A Possible Ancient Transoceanic Transfer.  NEARA Journal 33(1):41-55.

1999b  The Jômon of Neolithic Japan: Early Ocean-Goers.  Pre-Columbiana 1(3&4):159-68.

               

Jochelson, Waldemar   

1907  Past and Present Subterranean Dwellings of the Tribes of North Eastern Asia and North Western America.  International Congress of Americanists 15(2):115-28.*

               

Johannessen, Carl L.

1989  Maize Diffusion to India before Columbus Came to America. Proceedings, Circum-Pacific Prehistory Conference, Seattle, August 1-6 8, Prehistoric Trans-Pacific Contacts.  Pullman:  Washington State University Press.*

1992  Distribution of Pre-Columbian Maize and Modern Maize Names.  In Person, Place, and Thing: Interpretive and Empirical Essays in Cultural Geography, ed. Shue Tuck Wong, pp. 313-33.  Geoscience and Man 31.  Baton Rouge:  School of Geoscience, Louisiana State University.*

1998  American Crop Plants in Asia before A.DA. 1500.  Pre-Columbiana1(1):9-36.

               

Johannessen, Carl L., Wayne Fogg, and May Chen Fogg

1984  Distributional and Medical Use of the Black-Boned and Black-Meated Chicken in Mexico, Guatemala, and South America.  National Geographic Society  Research Mexico, Guatemala, and South America.  National Geographic Society  Research Reports 17:493-95.*

               

Johannessen, Carl L., and Anne Z. Parker.

1989  Maize Ears Sculptured in 12th and 13th Century A.D. India as Indicators of Pre-Columbian Diffusion.  Economic Botany 43(2):164-80.

               

Jones, A. M.

1964  Africa and Indonesia: The Evidence of the Xylophone and Other Musical and Cultural Features.  Leiden:  E. J. Brill.*

               

Joussaume, Roger; Anne Chippendale and Christopher Chippendale, trs.

1985  Dolmens for the Dead: Megalith-Building throughout the World.   London:  B. T. Batsford.

Kaiser, Mark, and V. Shevoroshkin.

1988                Nostratic.  Annual Review of Anthropology 17:309-29.*

Keddie, Grant R.

1990       The Question of Asiatic Objects on the North Pacific Coast of America: Historic or Prehistoric?  Contributions to Human History 3.  Victoria:  Royal British Columbia Museum.*

Keefer, David K., Susan D. deFrance, Michael E. Moseley, James B. Richardson III, Dennis R. Satterlee, and Amy Day-Lewis

1998          Early Maritime Economy and El Niño Events at Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru.  Science

                281(5384):1833-35.

Kehoe, Alice B.

1962       A Hypothesis on the Origin of Northeastern American Pottery.  Southwestern

                Journal of Anthropology 18(1):20-29.*

1964          Concept of Trait Constellations as Illustrated in Eastern North American

               Ceramics.  American Antiquity 30(1):86-89.*

1971        Small Boats upon the North Atlantic.  In Man across the Sea: Problems of Pre-

                Columbian Contacts, ed. Carroll L. Riley, J. Charles Kelly, Campbell W.

                Pennington, and Robert L. Rands, pp. 275-92.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.

1998          The Land of Prehistory: A Critical History of American Archaeology.   New York: 

                Routledge.

Kelley, David H.

1960                Calendar Animals and Deities.  Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 16(3):317-

                37.

1974                Eurasian Evidence and the Maya Calendar Correlation Problem.  In Mesoamerican

                Archaeology: New Approaches, ed. Norman Hammond, pp. 135-43.  Austin: 

                University of Texas Press.*

1975                World Ages in India and Mesoamerica.  Society for Early Historic Archaeology

                Newsletter and Proceedings 137.*

        1990        Proto-Tifinagh and Proto-Ogham in the Americas.  The Review of Archaeology

                11(1):1-10.

1994       The Identification of the Proto-Tifinagh Script at Peterborough, Ontario.  NEARA

                [New England Antiquities Research Association] Journal 28(3,4):86-99.

1995          Essay on Pre-Columbian Contacts between the Americas and Other Areas, with

        Special Reference to the Work of Ivan Van Sertima.  In Race, Discourse, and the

        Origins of the Americas: A New World View, ed. Vera Lawrence Hyatt and Rex

        Nettleford, pp. 103-22.   Washington, D.C.:  Smithsonian Institution Press.

Kennedy, Robert A.

        1971       A Transatlantic Stimulus Hypothesis for Mesoamerica and the Caribbean, Circa

                        3500 to 2000 B.C.  In Man Across the Sea: Problems of Pre-Columbian Contacts, ed.

                Carroll L. Riley, J. Charles Kelly, Campbell W. Pennington, and Robert L. Rands,

                        pp. 266-74.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.

Kerr, Andrew Affleck         

1921          “Similarities in Material Culture between the Old and the New Worlds.” 

                Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.*

Key, Mary Ritchie

        1964        Resin-glazed Pottery in Bolivia.  American Anthropologist 66(2):422-23.*

1994                American Indian Languages Before Columbus. NEARA [New England Antiquities

                Research Association] Journal 28(3,4):103-12.

1999          Linguistic Similarities Between Austronesian and South American Indian

                Languages.  Pre-Columbiana 1 (1&2):59-71.

King, Mary Elizabeth

1979       The Prehistoric Textile Industry of Mesoamerica.  In The Junius B. Bird Pre-

                Columbian Textile Conference, May 19th and 20th, 1973, ed. Ann Pollard Rowe,

                Elizabeth P. Benson, and Anne-Louise Schaffer, pp. 265-78.  Washington, D.C.: 

                The Textile Museum and Dumbarton Oaks.*

Kirchhoff, Paul  

1964       The Diffusion of a Great Religious System from India to Mexico.  International

                Congress of Americanists 35(1):73-100.*

Koppers, Wilhelm      

1930          Die Frage eventueller alter Kultur-beziehungen zwischen dem südlichsten

                Südamerika und Südostaustralien.  International Congress of Americanists 23:678-

                86.*

        1953        Problems of the Historical Approach: Results.  In An Appraisal of Anthropology

                Today, ed. Sol Tax, Loren C. Eiseley, Irving Rouse, and Carl F. Voegelin, pp. 44-66. 

                Chicago:  The University of Chicago Press.*

Lacombe, J-P. and C. Chauchat

        1986       Il y a 10,000 ans: L'homme de Paijan (Pérou).  Archéologia 209:44-47.*

Langdon, Robert

1982       New World Cotton as a Clue to the Polynesian Past.  In Oceanic Studies: Essays in

                Honor of Aarne A. Koskinen, ed.  Jukka Siikala, pp. 179-92.  Transactions of the

                        Finnish Anthropological Society 11.  Helsinki.*

Larsen, Helge, and Froelich Rainey

1948        Ipiutak and the Arctic Whale Hunting Culture.  American Museum of Natural

                History Anthropological Papers 42.  New York.*

Lathrap, Donald W.

1973       The Antiquity and Importance of Long-Distance Trade Relationships in the Moist

                Tropics of Pre-Columbian South America.  World Archaeology 5(2):170-86.*

1977       Our Father the Cayman, Our Mother the Gourd: Spinden Revisted, or a Unitary

                Model for the Emergence of Agriculture in the New World.  In The Origins of

                Agriculture, ed. Charles A. Reed, pp. 713-51.  Chicago:   Aldine.*

Lehmann, Henri

        1964        Maisons de céramique, Nayarit, Mexique.  Objets et Mondes 4(2):107-18.*

Lehmann, Walter H.

1930          Die Frage völkerkundlicher Beziehungen zwischen der Südsee und Amerika. 

                Orientalische Literaturzeitung 33(5):322-39.*

León, Fidias E., Amparo A. De León, and Adriana Ariza C.

1994       El viaje transpacífico del virus de la leucemia de células T del adulto tipo I. 

                        Acta Neurologica Colombiana 10(3):132-36.

Lindblom, Gerhard

1927          The Use of Stilts, Especially in Africa and America.  Smärre Meddelanden 3.

                Stockholm:  Riksmuseets Etnographiska Avdelning.*

1949       The One-leg Resting Position (Nilotenstellung) in Africa and Elewhere.  Smärre

                        Meddelanden 22.  Stockholm:  Riksmuseets Etnographiska Avdelning.*

Ling, Mary Man-Li

        1961        Musical Instruments of the Ami Tribe.  Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology,

                Academia Sinica 11:217-20.*

Ling Shun-Sheng

1965          A Comparative Study of the Ancient Chinese Feng-Shan and the Ziggurat of

                        Mesopotamia.  Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica 19:39-51.*

Lomax, Alan, and Edsin Erickson

1968          World Song Style Map.  In Folk Song Style and Culture, ed. Alan Lomax, pp.

                75-110.  Publication 88.  Washington: American Association for the Advancement of

        Science.*

Lopatin, Ivan A.

1960        Origin of the Native American Steam Bath.  American Anthropologist 62(6):977-

                93.*

Loukotka, Cestmir

        1948        Sobre la clasificación de las lenguas indígenas de América del Sur.  International

                Congress of Americanists 26(1):409-15.*

Lou, Dennis Wing-Sou [Liu Tun-Li]

1971        Introduction.  In The Discovery of Chinese Inscriptions in America 1, China and

                America: A Study of Ancient Communication between the Two Lands, Wei Chu-

                Hsein, pp. 7-13.  Hong Kong:  privately printed.*

Lowie, Robert H.

1934          Religious Ideas and Practices of the Eurasiatic and North American Areas.  In

                Essays Presented to C. G. Seligman, ed. E. E. Evans-Pritchard, Raymond Firth,

                Bronislaw Malinowski, and Isaac Schapera, pp. 113-43.  London:  Kegan Paul,

                Trench, Trubner & Co.*

MacLeod, William Christie

        1928       The American Indian Frontier.  New York:  Alfred A. Knopf.*

1929       On the Southeast Asiatic Origins of American Culture.  American Anthropologist

                31(3):554-60.*

1934          The Nature, Origin, and Linkages of the Rite of Hookswinging, with Special

                Reference to North America.  Anthropos 29:1-39.*

Marschall, Wolfgang    

1966       Panfeife im circumpazifischen Raum.  Dresden Staatlichen Museum für

                Völkerkunde, Abhandlung und Berichte 25:127-51.*

1972                Transpazifische Kulturbeziehungen: Studien zu ihrer Geschichte Munich:  Klaus

                Renner.*

Martí, Samuel

        1971        Mudra: Manos simbólicas en Asia y América Mexico:  Litexa.*

Martínez del Río, Pablo

        1936       Los orígenes americanos.  Mexico City:  Porrua Hermanos.*

Mason, J. Alden

1968       The Ancient Civilizations of Peru, rev. ed.  Harmondsworth, Middlesex:  Penguin

                 Books.*

McLean, Mervyn

1979          Towards the Differentiation of Music Areas in Oceania.  Anthropos 74(5/6):717-

                36.*

Medvedov, Daniel

1982                Anatomía maya: El lenguaje simbólico de la mano [abstract].  Abstracts of Papers,

                44th International Congress of Americanists, p. 207.*

Meggers, Betty J.

1987       El origen transpacífico de la cerámica Valdivia: Una revaluación.  Boletín del

                Museo Chileño de Arte Precolombino 2:9-31.

Meggers, Betty J., Clifford Evans, and Emelio Estrada

1966          Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador: The Valdivia and Machalilla Phases.

                Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 1.  Washington:  Smithsonian

                Institution.

Milewski, Tadeusz      

1966                Pochodzenie ludnosci Ameryki przedko-lumbijskiej w odbiciu jezykowym.

                Etnographia Polska 10.*

Miracle, Marvin P.

        1966        Maize in Tropical Africa.   Madison:  University of Wisconsin Press.*

Mirsky, Stephen

        1999        Bones to Pick: Profile of Dennis Stanford.  Scientific American 280(2):36, 38.

Miura, Tomoyuki, and 19 other authors

1994        Phylogenetic Subtypes of Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type I and Their Relations: The Anthropological Background.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 91(3):1124-27.

Morales Belda, Francisco

        1970       La marina de al-Andalus.  Barcelona:  Ediciones Ariel.*

Morrell, Virginia

1990                Confusion in Earliest America.  Science 248 (4954):439-41.

        1998        Genes May Link Ancient Eurasians, Native Americans.  Science 280(5363):520.

Mourant, Alfred E., Ada Kopec, and K. Domaniewska-Sobczac

1976       The Distribution of the Human Blood Groups and Other Polymorphisms.  London: 

                Oxford University Press.

Müller, Werner

        1982       Die Neue oder die Alte Welt?  Berlin:  Dietrich Reimer.*

Munro-Hay, Stuart

        1991        Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity.  Edinburgh:  Edinburgh

                University Press.

Needham, Joseph, Wang Ling, and Lu Gwei-Djen

        1971        Science and Civilization in China 4, Physics and Physical Technology.  

                Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press.*

Needham, Joseph, and Lu Gwei-Djen

1985          Trans-Pacific Echoes and Resonances; Listening Once Again.  Philadelphia:  World

                Scientific.

Neiburger, E. J.

        1987       Did Midwest Pre-Columbian Indians Cast Metal? . . . A New Look.  Central States Archaeological Journal 34:60-74.

        1991        Melted Copper from the Archaic Midwest (1000 B.C.).  North American Archaeologist 12(4):351-60.

Nichols, Johanna

        1992        Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time.  Chicago.  University of Chicago Press.*

Nordenskiöld, Erland

        1920       The Changes in the Material Culture of Two Indian Tribes under the Influence of

                New Surroundings.  Comparative Ethnographical Studies 2.  Göteborg.*

        1924       The Ethnography of South-America Seen from Mojos in Bolivia.  Comparative

                Ethnographical Studies 3.  Göteborg.*

1933          Origin of the Indian Civilization in South America.  Comparative

                Ethnographical Studies 9.  Göteborg.*

Oda, Shizuo

        1990       A Review of Archaeological Research in the Izu and Ogasawara Islands.  Man and

                Culture in Oceania 6:53-79.*

Oppenheimer, Stephen

        1998       Eden in the East: The Drowned Continent of Southeast Asia.  London:  Phoenix.

O'Rourke, Dennis, S. W. Carlyle, and R. L. Parr

1996                Ancient DNA: Methods, Progress, and Perspectives.  American Journal of Human

                Biology 8:557-71.

Palop Martínez, Josefina

1970                Distribución mundial de la trepanación prehistórica.  Revista Española de

                Antropología Americana 5:51-66. *

Pan Li Chuang

1963          Panpipes of Ancient China.  Institute of Ethnology, Monograph 4.  Nankang,

                Taiwan:  Academia Sinica.*

Parham, Peter, and Tomoko Ohta

1996                Population Biology of Antigen Presentation by MHC Class I Molecules.  Science

                272(5258):67-74 .

Parr, Ryan L., Shawn W. Carlyle, and Dennis H. O'Rourke

1996        Ancient DNA Analysis of Fremont Amerindians of the Great Salt Lake Wetlands.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology 99(4):507-18.

Penny, D., E. E. Watson, and M. Steel

1992          Trees from Languages and Genes Are Very Similar.  Systematic Biology 42(3):382-

                84.*

Pericot y García, Luís

1955                Algunos nuevos aspectos de los problemas de la prehistoria de Canarias.  Anuario

                de Estudios Atlánticos 1:579-619.*

        1963        Africa y América: El problema de sus posibles contactos pre-colombinos.  Madrid:  Instituto de Estudios Africanos.*

        1971       El problema de los contactos prehistóricos afro-americanos.  Revista de Indias 31

                        (123-124):173-81.*

Piña Chan, Román, and Luís Covarrubias

        1964       El Pueblo del jaguar (los olmecas arqueológicos).  Mexico City:  Consejo para la

                Planeación e Instalación del Museo Nacional de Antropología.*

Porter, Muriel N.

1953                Tlatilco and the Pre-Classic Cultures of the New World.  Publications in

                Anthropology 19.  New York:  The Viking Fund/Wenner-Gren Foundation.*

Preston, Douglas

        1997       The Lost Man.  The New Yorker 73(16):70-78.

Probst, Peter S.

1963          “Mirrors of Ancient China and Pre-Columbian America.”  Unpublished master’s

                thesis, Columbia University, New York.*

Proskouriakoff, Tatiana

        1971        Classic art of Central Veracruz.   In Handbook of Middle American Indians 11( 2),

                Archaeology of Northern Mesoamerica, ed. Gordon F. Ekholm and Ignacio Bernal,

                        pp. 558-72.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.*

Rainey, Froelich

        1971       The Ipiutak Culture: Excavations at Point Hope, Alaska.  Current Topics in

                        Anthropology, Module 8.  Boston:  Addison-Wesley Modular Publications.*

Rand, Silas T.

1888          Dictionary of the Language of the Micmac Indians. . . .  Halifax:  Nova Scotia Print

                Co.

Rensberger, Boyce.

1997                Caucasoid Early Americans.  The Washington Post  (March 15).

Ridley, Frank

1960                Transatlantic Contacts of Primitive Man: Eastern Canada and Northwestern

                Russia.  Pennsylvania Archaeologist 30(2):46-57.*

Rivet, Paul

        1925       Les Mélano-Polynésiens et les Australiens en Amérique.  Anthropos 20:51-54.*

Roosevelt, Anna C., R. A. Housley, M. Imazio da Silveira, S. Maranca, and R. Johnson

        1991        Eighth Millennium Pottery from a Prehistoric Shell Midden in the Brazilian

                Amazon.  Science 254(5038):1621-24.

Rottländer, R.

1982       Ein metrischer Zusammenhang zwischen einem Mass der XII Dynastie ægyptens

                und Massen vom nordwestlichen Südamerika.  Zeitschrift für Ethnologie

                107(2):227-32.*

Rouget, Gilbert

1947          La conque comme signe des migrations océaniennes en Amérique.  International Congress of Americanists 28:297-305.*

Rowe, John Howland

        1966        Diffusionism in Archaeology.  American Antiquity 31(3:1):334-37.

Ruhlen, Merritt

1994       The Origin of Language.  New York:  John Wiley and Sons.

        1998       The Origin of the Na-Dene.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences                     95:13994–96.*

Sachan, J. K. S., and K. R. Sarkar

        1986        Discovery of Sikkim Primitive Precursor in the Americas.  Maize Genetics

                Cooperative Newsletter 60:104-06.*

Sandweiss, Daniel H., Heather McInnis, Richard L. Burger, Asunción Cano, Bernardino Ojeda, Rolando Paredes, María del Carmen Sandweiss, and Michael D. Glasscock

        1998        Quebrada Jaguay: Early South American Maritime Adaptations.  Science                             281(5384):1830-32.

Sauvageot, Aurélien

1930          Recherches sur le vocabulaire des langues ouralo-altaïquesCollection Linguistique

                30.  Paris:  Société de Linguistique de Paris; Libraire Ancienne Honoré Champion.*

Scarre, Christopher, ed.

        1988       Past Worlds: The Times Atlas of Archaeology.  London:  Times Books.

Schanfield, Moses S.

1992        Immunoglobin Allotypes (GM and KM) Indicate Multiple Founding Populations of

                Native Americans: Evidence of at least Four Migrations to the New World.  Human

                Biology 64(3):381-402.*

Schneider, Harold K.

        1977        Prehistoric Transpacific Contact and the Theory of Cultural Change.  American Anthropologist 79(1):9-25.*

Schobinger, Juan

1956       Las “clavas insignias” de Argentina y Chile: Descripción de nuevos ejemplares

                procedentes de las provincias del Neuquén y Mendoza, y análisis de conjunto.  Runa  

                7(2):252-80.*

        1969        Prehistoria de Sudamérica.  Nueva  Colección Labor 95.  Barcelona:  Editorial

                        Labor.*

Schurr, Theodore G.

2000          Mitochondrial DNA and the Peopling of the New World.  American Scientist

                88(3):246-53.

Schuster, Carl    

1952       A Survival of the Eurasiatic Animal Style in Modern Alaskan Eskimo Art.  In

                Selected Papers of the 29th International Congress of Americanists, ed. Sol Tax.  

                International Congress of Americanists 29:35-45.*

Schwerin, Karl H.

1970        Winds Across the Atlantic.  Mesoamerican Studies 6.  Carbondale:  University of

                Southern Illinois.*

Serjeantston, Susan W.

        1989       HLA Genes and Antigens.  In The Colonization of the Pacific: A Genetic Trail, ed.

                        Adrian V. S. Hill and Susan W. Serjeantson, pp. 120-73.  Oxford:  Clarendon Press.

Service, Robert F.

        1996       Rock Chemistry Traces Ancient Traders.  Science 274(5295):2012-13.

Shao, Paul  

1984          The Origin of Ancient American Cultures.  Ames:  Iowa State University Press.

1998          China and Pacific Basin Art and Architectural Styles.  Pre-Columbiana   

                1(1):37-51.

Shapiro, Harry Lionel

        1964       The Peopling of the Pacific Rim.  The Thomas Burke Memorial Lecture.  Seattle:  Washington State Museum.*

Shields, Gerald F., Kristen Hecker, Mikhail I. Voevoda, and Judy K. Reed

1992          Absence of the Asian-specific Region V Mitochondrial Marker in Native

                Beringians.  American Journal of Human Genetics 50(4):758-65.

Silow, R. A.

1949       The Problem of Trans-Pacific Migration Involved in the Origin of the Cultivated

                Cottons of the New World.  Proceedings, Seventh Pacific Science Congress 5:112-

                18.*

Simmonds, Norman William, ed.

        1976        Evolution of Crop Plants.  London:  Longman Group.*

Skinner, Henry Devenish

1974        Comparatively Speaking: Studies in Pacific Material Culture, 1921-1972.  Dunedin,

                N.Z.:  University of Otago Press.*

Smith, David Glenn, Ripan S. Malhi, Jason Eshleman, Joseph G. Lorenz, and Frederika A. Kaestle

        1999        Distribution of mtDNA Haplogroup X among Native North Americans.  American

                        Journal of Physical Anthroppology 110(3):271-84.

Smith, Grafton Elliot

1916          The Influence of Ancient Egyptian Civilization in the East and in America.  Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 3:48-77.*

1925          Elephants and Ethnologists: Asiatic Origins of the Maya Ruins.  New York:  E. P.

                Dutton.

        1933       The Diffusion of Culture.  London:  Watts & Co.*

Smith, Michael E.

1977-8     A Model for the Diffusion of the Shaft Tomb Complex from South America to West

                Mexico.  Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society 9:179-204.*

Solheim, Wilhelm G. II

1968        “World Ethnographic Sample. . .” A Possible Historical Explanation.  American

                Anthropologist 70(3):569.*

Soper, Fred L.

1927          The Report of a Nearly Pure Ancylostoma Duodenale Infestation in Native South

                American Indians and a Discussion of its Ethnological Significance.  American

                Journal of Hygiene 7(2):174-84.*

Sorenson, John L.

        1971       The Significance of an Apparent Relationship between the Ancient Near East and

                        Mesoamerica.  In Man Across the Sea: Problems of Pre-Columbian Contacts, ed.

                        Carroll L. Riley, J. Charles Kelly, Campbell W. Pennington, and Robert L. Rands,

                        pp. 219-41.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.

Sorenson, John L., and Martin H. Raish, comps.

1996          Pre-Columbian Contact with the Americas across the Oceans, 2nd ed., 2 vols.   Provo:  Research Press.  [1st ed., 1990]

      1999        Bibliographia Pre-Columbiana.  Pre-Columbiana 1(1&2):143-54.

Spuhler, James N.

        1979        Genetic Distances, Trees, and Maps of North American Indians.  In The First

                        Americans: Origins, Affinities, and Adaptations, ed. W. S. Laughlin and A. B.

                          Harper, pp. 135-83.  New York:  G. Fischer.

Steele, D. Gentry, and Joseph F. Powell

1992          The Peopling of the Americas: Paleobiological Evidence.  Human Biology

                64(3):303-36.*

Stephens, Stanley G.

        1971        Some Problems of Interpreting Transoceanic Dispersal of the New World Cottons.  In Man Across the Sea: Problems of Pre-Columbian Contacts, Carroll L. Riley, J. Charles Kelly, Campbell W. Pennington, and Robert L. Rands, pp. 401-15.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.

Stewart, Joe D.

1974        “Mesoamerican and Eurasian Calendars.”  Unpublished doctoral dissertation,

                University of Calgary, Calgary.*

Stocker, Terrance L.

        1991        Discussion: Empire Formation, Figurine Function and Distribution, in The New

                        World Figurine Project 1, Terrance Stocker, pp. 145-65.  Provo:  Research Press.

Stone, Anne C.

1999        Reconstructing Human Societies with Ancient Molecules.  In Who Were the First

                Americans? Proceedings of the 58th Annual Biology Colloquium, Oregon State

                University, ed. Robson Bonnichsen, pp. 25-39.  Corvallis:  Oregon State University.

Stone, Anne C., and Mark Stoneking

1993        Ancient DNA from a pre-Columbian Amerindian Population.  American Journal

                        of Physical Anthropology 92(4):463-71.

Stonor, C. R., and Edgar Anderson

        1949        Maize among the Hill Peoples of Assam.  Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

                        36:355-404.*

Stubbs, Bryan D.

1998       A Curious Element in Uto-Aztecan Linguistics.  Epigraphic Society Occasional

                Papers 23:109-40.

Swadesh, Morris

1959          Mapas de clasificación lingüística de México y de las Américas.  Cuadernos del

                Instituto de Historia, Serie Antrolológica 8.  Mexico City:  Universidad Nacional

                Autónoma de México.*

1961       Los supuestos australianos en América.  In Homenaje a Pablo Martínez del Río en el

                vigesimoquinto aneversario de la primera edición de Los orígenes americanos, ed.

                Ignacio Bernal, Jorge Gurría, Santiago Genovés, Luis Aveleyra, pp. 147-61.  Mexico

                City:  Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.*

Szathmary, Emöke J. E.

        1979        Peopling of North America: Clues from Genetic Studies.  In The First Americans:

                        Origins, Affinities, and Adaptations, ed. William S. Laughlin and Albert B.

                        Harper, pp. 79-104.  Stuttgart:  Gustav Fischer New York.

Teikener, Roselle

1977          The Evidence of the Panpipe for Trans-Pacific Contact.  Archiv für Völkerkunde

                31:7-132.

ten Kate, Hermann

        1884        Matériaux pour servir à l'anthropologie de la presqu'île californienne.  Bulletin de

                la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, 3rd ser., 7:551-69.*

Tills, D., Ada Kopec, and Rosemary E. Tills

1983          The Distribution of the Human Blood Groups and Other Polymorphisms,

                Supplement 1.  New York:  Oxford University Press.

Tishkoff, Sarah H., and 16 other authors

2001          Haplotype Diversity and Linkage Disequilibrium at Human G6DPD: Recent Origin

                 of Alleles That Confer Malarial Resistance.  Science 293(5529):455-62.

Tolstoy, Paul

1953        Some Amerasian Pottery Traits in North Asian Prehistory. American  Antiquity

19(1):25-29.*

1962          Cultural Parallels between Southeast Asia and Mesoamerica in the Manufacture of

                Bark Cloth.  Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences Ser. 2,  25(6):646-

                62.

1966        Method in Long-range Comparison.  International Congress of Americanists

                36(1):69-89.*

1974        Transoceanic Diffusion and Nuclear Mesoamerica.  In Prehispanic America, ed.

                Shirley Gorenstein, pp. 124-44.  New York:  St. Martin's Press.*

1986       Asia and the Americas Trans-Pacific Contacts: What, Where, and When?  The

                        Review of Archaeology 7(3-4).  [reprinted 1999, in 20(1):19-30 ]

Torroni, Antonio, James V. Neel, Ramiro Barrantes, Theodore G. Schurr, and Douglas C. Wallace

1994        Mitochondrial DNA “Clock” for the Amerinds and Its Implications for Timing

                Their Entry into North America.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

                USA 91(3):1158-62.

Torroni, Antonio, Theodore G. Schurr, Margaret F. Cabell, Michael D. Brown, James V. Neel, Merethe Larsen, David G. Smith, Carlos M. Vullo, and Douglas Wallace

1993          Asian Affinities and Continental Radiation of the Four Founding Native American

                mtDNAs.  American Journal of Human Genetics 53(3):563-90.

Torroni, Antonio, Theodore G. Schurr, Chi-Chuan Yang, Emöke J. E. Szathmary, Robert C. Williams, Moses S. Schanfield, Gary A. Troup, William C. Knowler, Dale N. Lawrence, Kenneth M. Weiss, and Douglas C. Wallace

1992          Native American Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Indicates That the Amerind and

                Nadene Populations Were Founded by Two Independent Migrations. 

                Genetics130(1):153-62.

Towle, Jerry

1973       Jade: An Indicator of Trans-Pacific Contact?  Yearbook of the Association of Pacific

                Coast Geographers 35:165-72.*

Turner, Geoffrey

1955          Hair Embroidery in Siberia and North America.  Pitt-Rivers Museum Occasional

                Papers on Technology 7.  Oxford.*

Tylor, Edward B.

1878       On the Game of Patolli in Ancient Mexico, and Its Probably Asiatic Origin.  Journal

                of the Anthropological Institute 8:116-31.*

1879        Remarks on the Geographical Distribution of Games.  Journal of the Anthropological Institute 9:23-30.*

1896       On American Lot-games as Evidence of Asiatic Intercourse before the Time of

                Columbus.  Internationales Archiv für Ethographie 9 (supplement):55-67.*

Van Sertima, Ivan

1995        African Presence in Early America.  In Race, Discourse, and the Origins of the

                Americas; A New World View, ed. V. L. Hyatt and R. Nettleford, pp. 66-102. 

            Washington:  Smithsonian Institution Press.

VanStan, Ina      

        1957       A Peruvian Ikat from Pachacamac.  American Antiquity 23(2:1):150-59.*

Verano, John W.

        1992        Prehistoric Disease and Demography in the Andes.  In Disease and Demography in the Americas, ed. John W. Verano and Douglas H. Ubelaker, pp. 15-24.  Washington:  Smithsonian Institution Press.*

Virchow, Rudolph

        1883       Das Gräberfeld von Koban im Lande de Ossten, Kaukasus.  Berlin:  Asher.*

Vishnu-Mittre    

1974        Paleobotanical Evidence in India.  In Evolutionary Studies in World Crops:

                Diversity and Change in the Indian Subcontinent, ed. Joseph B. Hutchinson, pp. 3-

                30.  London:  Cambridge University Press.*

Vivante, Armando

1967       El problema de los negros prehispánicos americanos: Notas sobre los melanodermos

                precolombinos.  Revista del Museo de La Plata, Sección de Antropología 6:281-

                333.*

Vokes, Emily H.

1963       A Possible Hindu Influence at Teotihuacán.  American Antiquity 29(1):94-95.*

von Hornbostel, Erich M.

        1936        Fuegan Songs.  American Anthropologist 38(3):357-67.*

von Nachtigall, Horst

        1960       Zur Entstehung der amerikanischen Hochkulturen.  Paideuma 7:151-62.*

von Richthofen, B.

1932       Zur Frage der archäeologischen Beziehungen zwischen Nordamerika und

                        Nordasien.  Anthropos 27:123-51.*

von Sadovszky, Otto J.

1996          The Discovery of California: A Cal-Ugrian Comparative Study. Budapest: 

                Akadémiai Kiadó/Los Angeles:  International Society for Trans-Oceanic Research.

von Winning, Hasso   

1971        Keramische Hausmodelle aus Nayarit, Mexiko.  Baessler-Archiv N.S., 19(2):343-

                77.*

        1989        Trans-Pacific Contacts with Mexico - A Review of Recent Research.  Reprint

        Proceedings, Circum-Pacific Prehistory Conference, Seattle, August 1-6, 1989

        8, Prehistoric Trans-Pacific Contacts.  Pullman:  Washington State University

                        Press.*

Wendel, Jonathan F., Andrew Schnabel, and Tosak Seelanan

1995       An Unusual Ribosomal Sequence from Gossypium gossypioides Reveals Ancient,

                Cryptic, Intergenomic Introgression.  Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution                         4(3):298-313.*

Werner, R.

1973          Nose Flute Blowers of the Malayan Aborigines (Orang Asli).  Anthropos 68(1/2):181-91.*

Whitley, Glenn R.

        1974a    The Fulvous Tree Duck as a Cultural Tracer.  Anthropological Journal of Canada 12(1):10-17.*

        1974b        Tame Curassow Birds as Indicators of Cultural Diffusion.  Anthropological Journal

                        of Canada 12(2):10-15.*

Whittall, James P. Jr.

        1975        Precolumbian Parallels between Mediterranean and New England Archaeology.  Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications 3(52):1-5.

Wiercinski, Andrzej

1972          Inter-and Intrapopulational Racial Differentiation of Tlatilco, Cerro de las Mesas,

                Teotihuacan, Monte Alban and Yucatan Maya.  International Congress of

                Americanists 39(1):231-48.*

Wilbert, Johannes

1978          Navigators of the Winter Sun.  In The Sea in the Pre-Columbian World, ed.

                        Elizabeth P. Benson, pp. 16-46.  Washington:  Dumbarton Oaks Research Library

                        and Collections, Trustees for Harvard University.*

Woodbury, Richard B., and James A. Neely

1972          Water Control Systems of the Tehuacan Valley.  In The Prehistory of the Tehuacan Valley, 4, Chronology and Irrigation, ed. Frederick Johnson, pp. 81-153.  Austin:  University of Texas Press.*

Wuthenau, Alexander von

        1975        Unexpected Faces in Ancient America, 1500 B.C.–A.D. 1500: The Historical Testimony of Pre-Columbian Artists.  New York:  Crown Publishers.

Yamanouchi, Sugao

1968       The Arrowshaft Smoother in World Prehistory and its Bearing on the Chronology

                of Jomon Pottery [abstract].  Abstracts of Sectional Meetings, 8th International

                Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences.  Tokyo:  Science Council of

                Japan.*

Zamora, Tomas, Vladimir Zaninovic, Masaharu Kajiwara, Haruko Komoda, Masanori Hayami, and Kazuo Tajima

1990        Antibody to HTLV-I in Indigenous Inhabitants of the Andes and Amazon Regions

                in Colombia.  Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 81(8):715-19

 

 

Section I: Text of Report

Section II: Appendix, Addendum & Foot Notes

 

 

Originally published in Pre-Columbiana, Volume 2, Number 2 & 3, December 2000 & June 2001

 

 


 

 

Copyright © 2000 & 2001 by James L Guthrie

 

New England Antiquities Research Association

 

NEARA Home Page